Bilingualism






Bilingualism is commonly defined as the use of at least two languages by an individual with the fluency characteristic of a native speaker.
Degree of Bilingualism can be assessed in individual’s command of the four of:
1 Listening Comprehension
2 Speaking
3 Reading Comprehension
4 Writing in each language
We must now that for people there is a practical need to speak both the languages of the region in which they live and the region in which they work because the pattern of BILINGUALISM is different societies according to context.

Types of Bilingualism are:

     1 ) Compound and Co-ordinate Bilingualism 
     2)  Addictive and Subtractive Bilingualism
     3) Simultaneous and Successive Bilingualism
     4)   Elite and Folk Bilingualism
     5) Balanced Bilingualism

o   Co-ordinate Bilingualism tends to be developing through an experience of different contexts and compounds bilingualism tends to be developed through contexts such as formal language learning in school.
o   When a language is acquired after the first language is established is called successive bilingualism and simultaneous acquisition of two language isn’t necessarily superior to successive acquisition and both patterns of acquisition can lead to bilingual composition.
o   The addictive and subtractive bilingualism happens when addictive compliments both languages learning and subtractive is when there is only a widely development of only when one language and the other decreases.
o   Co-ordinate bilingualism tends to be developing through an experience of different contexts and compound bilingualism tends to be developing through context such as language learning in school.
o   Balanced bilingualism is used to refer to an individual who has roughly equal ability in both languages.

                            Advantages of Bilingualism

Bilingual education is very important as the new knowledge of languages, expressions and cultures in society where the education of the native language is well formulated and meaningful.

Disadvantages of Bilingualism

1)      If a child is focused only on learning the two languages may loss their ability of doing other works.
2)     In a society where the native language is not well developed and shapely bilingualism is useless.

Bilingual Education was defined as a program in which “two languages are used as media of instructions” and under this definition, bilingual programmes may be one of these types:

1) Transitional Bilingualism: In which first language is used is only to facilitate the transition to the second official language.
      2) Mono-literate Bilingualism: Where the school uses two languages for most of its activities but uses one language to introduce skills.









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